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单项选择题"We want Singapore to have the X-factor, that buzz that you get in London, Paris, or New York". That is how Lee Hsien Loong, Singapore"s prime minister, (1)_____ his government"s decision to (2)_____ gambling in the country, (3)_____ two large, Vegas-style casinos. Whether the casinos will indeed help to transform Singapore"s staid image remains to be seen. But the decision bas already (4)_____ an uncharacteristic buzz among the country"s normally (5)_____ citizens. The government has contemplated, and rejected (6)_____ casinos several times in the past. One reason was (7)_____ Singapore"s economic growth was so rapid that casinos seemed like an unnecessary evil. Buddhism and Islam, two of the country"s main religions, (8)_____ on gambling. The government itself has traditionally had strong, and often (9)_____, ideas about how its citizens should behave. Until recently, for example, it refused to (10)_____ homosexuals to the civil service. It also used to (11)_____ chewing gum, which it considers a public nuisance. Nowadays, (12)_____, Singapore"s electronics industry, the mainstay of the economy, is struggling to cope with cheap competition from places like China. In the first quarter of this year, output (13)_____ by 5.8% at an annual rate. So the government wants lo promote tourism and other services to (14)_____ for vanishing jobs in manufacturing. Merrill Lynch, an investment bank, (15)_____ the two proposed casinos could (16)_____ in as much as $4 billion in the initial investment alone. (17)_____ its estimates, they would have annual revenues of (18)_____ $3.6 billion, and pay at least $600 million in taxes and fees. The government, for its part, thinks the integrated (19)_____, as it coyly calls the casinos, would (20)_____ as many as 35,000 jobs.

A．in the name of
B．in the form of
C．by the means of
D．in the need of

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1.单项选择题The meanings of "science" and "technology" have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms. Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of "pure" science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions. Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations. In recent years a sharp value distinction has grown up between science and technology. Advances in science have frequently had their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. For these people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control. Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization, but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.Which of the following does the author Not agree with

A．Scientific activities are deeply involved with those of technology,
B．Industrial civilization is largely based on the scientific progress.
C．Science and technology move forward at a comparable speed.
D．Either of science and technology is necessary for the advance of each other.

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2.单项选择题After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking" other students for answers. What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www.ulifeline.org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college ID"s. "It"s a very solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need", said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago. The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus. The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression. Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the online service can even play out as a negative. "There is no substitute for personal interaction(个人互动才能解决)", said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington. Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. "The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places", said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline. Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it "a knowledge base" that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. "If Jed"s friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen something", she said.One reason that many colleges adopt the website is to ______.

A．provide their students with campus information
B．offer medical treatment to students in mental disorder
C．encourage their students to seek advice about depression
D．give their students various help they may need

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3.单项选择题The California Public Employees" Retirement System (CalPERS) has positioned itself as the premier champion of investor rights, regularly singling out bad managers at some of the nation"s largest companies in its annual corporate-governance focus lists. And with $153 billion under management, Wall Street tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out. But the country"s largest pension fund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed a class action against the New York Stock Exchange and seven of its member firms. CalPERS" suit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its regulatory duties and allowed its members to trade stocks at the expense of investors. The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSE"s recently appointed interim Chairman John Reed. The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in September after the exchange"s longtime head, Richard Grasso, resigned under pressure over public outrage about his excessive compensation. Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors for not including representatives of investors on the exchange"s newly constituted board and not clearly separating the exchange"s regulatory function from its day-to-day operations. The CalPERS lawsuit is evidence that the investment communities" dissatisfaction hasn"t ebbed. "Our hopes were dashed when Mr. Reed didn"t perform", says Harrigan. The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing a series of trading tactics. The tactics, which are not currently illegal, include "penny lumping", where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a piece of the price differential, "front running", which involves trading in advance of customers based on confidential information obtained by their orders, and "freezing" the firm"s order book so that the firm can make trades on its own account first. Many of the suit"s allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigation of the exchange conducted by the Securities & Exchange Commission. According to the suit, the October SEC report found "serious deficiencies in the NYSE"s surveillance and investigative procedures, including a habit of ignoring repeat violations By specialist firms". The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors have expressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped—if not eliminated. According to California State Comptroller Steve Westley, a CalPERS board member who participated in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly called on the NYSE to end its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move to a system of openly matching of buyers and sellers. BLIND EYE "There"s no reason not to move to a fully automated exchange", Westley says. "Every exchange in the world is using such a system. The time is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century and remove the cloud that there"s self-dealing working against investors".The CalPERS lawsuit indicates that

A．the NYSE did ignore its regulatory duties
B．John Reed should resign like his predecessor
C．the investors were dissatisfied with the NYSE
D．the exchange should have its board reelected

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4.单项选择题Multifunction superpills aren"t nearly as farfetched as they may sound. And reducing such serious risks to heart health as soaring cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure potentially could save many lives and be highly lucrative for drug companies. A combo pill from Pfizer (PFE) of its hypertension drug Norvasc and cholesterol-lowering agent Lipitor "could have huge potential", says Shaojing Tong, analyst at Mehta Partners. "Offering two functions in one pill itself is a huge convenience". If such pills catch on, they could generate significant revenues for drug companies. In Pfizer"s ease, the goal is to transfer as many qualified patients as possible to the combo pill. Norvasc"s patents expire in 2007, but Pfizer could avoid losing all its revenues from the drug at once if it were part of a superpill. Sena Lund, an analyst at Cathay Financial, sees Pfizer selling $4.2 billion worth of Norvasc-Lipitor by 2007. That would help take up the slack for falling sales of Lipitor, which he projects will drop to $5 billion in 2007, down from $8 billion last year. Pfizer argues that addressing two distinct and serious cardiovascular risk factors in one pill has advantages. People with both hypertension and high LDL cholesterol (the "bad" kind) number around 27 million in the U.S., notes Craig Hopkinson, medical director for dual therapy at Pfizer, and only 2% of that population reaches adequate treatment goals. Taking two treatments in one will increase the number of patients who take the medications properly and "assist in getting patients to goal", be says. Doctors also may be quick to adopt Norvasc-Lipitor, Pfizer figures, because it"s made up of two well-studied drugs, which many physicians are already familiar with. But Dr. Stanley Rockson, chief of consultative cardiology at Stanford University Medical Center, says fixed-dose combination pills represent "an interesting crossroads" for physicians, who are typically trained to "approach each individual problem with care". Combining treatments would challenge doctors to approach heart disease differently. But better patient compliance is important enough, says Rockson, that he expects doctors, to be open to trying the combined pill. Some other physicians are more skeptical. "If you want to change dosage on one of the new pill"s two drugs, you"re stuck", fears Dr. Irene Gavris, professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine. She says she would feel most comfortable trying the combination pill on patients who "have been on the drugs for a while" and are thus unlikely to need changes in dosage. As usual, economics could tip the scales. Patients now taking both Lipitor and Norvasc "could cut their insurance co pay in half" by switching to the combo drug, Gavris notes. That"s a key advantage. Controlling hypertension, for instance, can require three or more drugs, and the financial burden on patients mounts quickly. If patients also benefit—as Pfizer and other drug companies contend—making the switch to superpills could be advantageous for everyone.Which of the following is Not one of the advantages of superpills

A．Lessening several risks to the heart at the same time.
B．Restoring the lost body functions of the patients.
C．Contributing enormously to the income of drug companies.
D．Helping more patients to reach treatment goals.

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5.问答题You are going to read a text about the topic of nuclear fusion, followed by a list of explanations(or examples). Choose the best explanation/example from the list for each numbered subheading/generalization. There is one extra explanation/example which you do not need to use. Scientists say they have achieved small-scale nuclear fusion in a tabletop experiment, using tried and true techniques that are expected to generate far less controversy than past such claims. This latest experiment relied on a tiny crystal to generate a strong electric field. While the energy created was too small to harness cheap fusion power, the technique could have potential uses in medicine, spacecraft propulsion, the oil drilling industry and homeland security, said Seth Putterman, a physicist at the University of California at Los Angeles. Putterman and his colleagues at UCLA, Brian Naranjo and Jim Gimzewski, report their results in Thursday"s issue of the journal Nature. (41) Held up to ridicule Previous claims of tabletop fusion have been met with skepticism and even derision by physicists. (42) Sound theoretical basis Fusion experts said the UCLA experiment will face far less skepticism because it conforms to well-known principles of physics. (43) Energy in waiting Fusion power has been touted as the ultimate energy source and a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels like coal and oil. Fossil fuels are expected to run short in about 50 years. (44) Process of fusion In the UCL"A experiment, scientists placed a tiny crystal that can generate a strong electric field into a vacuum chamber filled with deuterium gas, a form of hydrogen capable of fusion. Then the researchers activated the crystal by heating it. (45) Commercial uses UCLA"s Putterman said future experiments will focus on refining the technique for potential commercial uses, including designing portable neutron generators that could be used for oil well drilling or scanning luggage and cargo at airports. In the Nature report, Putterman and his colleagues said the crystal-based method could be used in "microthrusters for miniature spacecraft". In such an application, the method would not rely on nuclear fusion for power generation, But rather on ion propulsion, Putterman said. "As wild as it is, that"s a conservative application", he said.A. In fusion, light atoms are joined in a high-temperature process that frees large amounts of energy. It is considered environmentally friendly because it produces virtually no air pollution and does not pose the safety and long-term radioactive waste concerns associated with modern nuclear power plants, where heavy uranium atoms are split to create energy in a process known as fission.B. The resulting electric field created a Beam of charged deuterium atoms that struck a nearby target, which was embedded with yet more deuterium. When some of the deuterium atoms in the beam collided with their counterparts in the target, they fused. The reaction gave off an isotope of helium along with subatomic particles known as neutrons, a characteristic of fusion. The experiment did not, however, produce more energy than the amount put in—an achievement that would be a huge breakthrough.C. Another technique, known as sonoluminescence, generates heat through the collapse of tiny bubbles in a liquid. Some scientists claim that nuclear fusion occurs during the reaction, but those claims have sparked sharp debate.D. In a Nature commentary, Michael Saltmarsh of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory said the process was in some ways "remarkably low-tech", drawing upon principles that were first recorded by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus in 314 B.C. "This doesn"t have any controversy in it because they"re using a tried and true method", David Ruzic, professor of nuclear and plasma engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbane-Champaign, told The Associated Press. "There"s no mystery in terms of the physics".E. In one of the most notable cases, Dr. B. Stanley Pons of the University of Utah and Martin Fleischmann of Southampton University in England shocked the world in 1989 when they announced that they had achieved so-called cold fusion at room temperature. Their work was discredited after repeated attempts to reproduce it failed.F. The technology also could conceivably give rise to implantable radiation sources, which could target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. "You could bring a tiny crystal into the body, place it next to a tumor, turn on the radiation and blast the tumor", Putterman told MSNBC.com.

参考答案：正确答案：D

6.单项选择题"We want Singapore to have the X-factor, that buzz that you get in London, Paris, or New York". That is how Lee Hsien Loong, Singapore"s prime minister, (1)_____ his government"s decision to (2)_____ gambling in the country, (3)_____ two large, Vegas-style casinos. Whether the casinos will indeed help to transform Singapore"s staid image remains to be seen. But the decision bas already (4)_____ an uncharacteristic buzz among the country"s normally (5)_____ citizens. The government has contemplated, and rejected (6)_____ casinos several times in the past. One reason was (7)_____ Singapore"s economic growth was so rapid that casinos seemed like an unnecessary evil. Buddhism and Islam, two of the country"s main religions, (8)_____ on gambling. The government itself has traditionally had strong, and often (9)_____, ideas about how its citizens should behave. Until recently, for example, it refused to (10)_____ homosexuals to the civil service. It also used to (11)_____ chewing gum, which it considers a public nuisance. Nowadays, (12)_____, Singapore"s electronics industry, the mainstay of the economy, is struggling to cope with cheap competition from places like China. In the first quarter of this year, output (13)_____ by 5.8% at an annual rate. So the government wants lo promote tourism and other services to (14)_____ for vanishing jobs in manufacturing. Merrill Lynch, an investment bank, (15)_____ the two proposed casinos could (16)_____ in as much as $4 billion in the initial investment alone. (17)_____ its estimates, they would have annual revenues of (18)_____ $3.6 billion, and pay at least $600 million in taxes and fees. The government, for its part, thinks the integrated (19)_____, as it coyly calls the casinos, would (20)_____ as many as 35,000 jobs.

A．draft
B．illegalize
C．devise
D．legalize

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7.单项选择题The meanings of "science" and "technology" have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms. Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of "pure" science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions. Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations. In recent years a sharp value distinction has grown up between science and technology. Advances in science have frequently had their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. For these people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control. Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization, but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.Science is, as the author argues, similar to technology in that ______.

A．it involves a long process of change
B．it focuses on the casual aspects of the material world
C．it resorts to experiments as an exclusive method of research
D．it is concerned about the theoretical development

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8.单项选择题After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking" other students for answers. What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www.ulifeline.org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college ID"s. "It"s a very solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need", said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago. The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus. The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression. Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the online service can even play out as a negative. "There is no substitute for personal interaction(个人互动才能解决)", said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington. Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. "The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places", said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline. Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it "a knowledge base" that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. "If Jed"s friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen something", she said.The first paragraph is written to ______.

A．report the suicide of a young man
B．show the suffering of Mr. and Mrs. Satow
C．describe the Satows" confusion over their son"s death
D．introduce the topic of a website called Ulifeline

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9.单项选择题The California Public Employees" Retirement System (CalPERS) has positioned itself as the premier champion of investor rights, regularly singling out bad managers at some of the nation"s largest companies in its annual corporate-governance focus lists. And with $153 billion under management, Wall Street tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out. But the country"s largest pension fund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed a class action against the New York Stock Exchange and seven of its member firms. CalPERS" suit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its regulatory duties and allowed its members to trade stocks at the expense of investors. The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSE"s recently appointed interim Chairman John Reed. The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in September after the exchange"s longtime head, Richard Grasso, resigned under pressure over public outrage about his excessive compensation. Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors for not including representatives of investors on the exchange"s newly constituted board and not clearly separating the exchange"s regulatory function from its day-to-day operations. The CalPERS lawsuit is evidence that the investment communities" dissatisfaction hasn"t ebbed. "Our hopes were dashed when Mr. Reed didn"t perform", says Harrigan. The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing a series of trading tactics. The tactics, which are not currently illegal, include "penny lumping", where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a piece of the price differential, "front running", which involves trading in advance of customers based on confidential information obtained by their orders, and "freezing" the firm"s order book so that the firm can make trades on its own account first. Many of the suit"s allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigation of the exchange conducted by the Securities & Exchange Commission. According to the suit, the October SEC report found "serious deficiencies in the NYSE"s surveillance and investigative procedures, including a habit of ignoring repeat violations By specialist firms". The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors have expressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped—if not eliminated. According to California State Comptroller Steve Westley, a CalPERS board member who participated in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly called on the NYSE to end its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move to a system of openly matching of buyers and sellers. BLIND EYE "There"s no reason not to move to a fully automated exchange", Westley says. "Every exchange in the world is using such a system. The time is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century and remove the cloud that there"s self-dealing working against investors".What does the word "a fish" (Para. 1) probably refer to

A．CalPERS.
B．Pension fund.
C．Wall Street.
D．NYSE.

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10.单项选择题Multifunction superpills aren"t nearly as farfetched as they may sound. And reducing such serious risks to heart health as soaring cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure potentially could save many lives and be highly lucrative for drug companies. A combo pill from Pfizer (PFE) of its hypertension drug Norvasc and cholesterol-lowering agent Lipitor "could have huge potential", says Shaojing Tong, analyst at Mehta Partners. "Offering two functions in one pill itself is a huge convenience". If such pills catch on, they could generate significant revenues for drug companies. In Pfizer"s ease, the goal is to transfer as many qualified patients as possible to the combo pill. Norvasc"s patents expire in 2007, but Pfizer could avoid losing all its revenues from the drug at once if it were part of a superpill. Sena Lund, an analyst at Cathay Financial, sees Pfizer selling $4.2 billion worth of Norvasc-Lipitor by 2007. That would help take up the slack for falling sales of Lipitor, which he projects will drop to $5 billion in 2007, down from $8 billion last year. Pfizer argues that addressing two distinct and serious cardiovascular risk factors in one pill has advantages. People with both hypertension and high LDL cholesterol (the "bad" kind) number around 27 million in the U.S., notes Craig Hopkinson, medical director for dual therapy at Pfizer, and only 2% of that population reaches adequate treatment goals. Taking two treatments in one will increase the number of patients who take the medications properly and "assist in getting patients to goal", be says. Doctors also may be quick to adopt Norvasc-Lipitor, Pfizer figures, because it"s made up of two well-studied drugs, which many physicians are already familiar with. But Dr. Stanley Rockson, chief of consultative cardiology at Stanford University Medical Center, says fixed-dose combination pills represent "an interesting crossroads" for physicians, who are typically trained to "approach each individual problem with care". Combining treatments would challenge doctors to approach heart disease differently. But better patient compliance is important enough, says Rockson, that he expects doctors, to be open to trying the combined pill. Some other physicians are more skeptical. "If you want to change dosage on one of the new pill"s two drugs, you"re stuck", fears Dr. Irene Gavris, professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine. She says she would feel most comfortable trying the combination pill on patients who "have been on the drugs for a while" and are thus unlikely to need changes in dosage. As usual, economics could tip the scales. Patients now taking both Lipitor and Norvasc "could cut their insurance co pay in half" by switching to the combo drug, Gavris notes. That"s a key advantage. Controlling hypertension, for instance, can require three or more drugs, and the financial burden on patients mounts quickly. If patients also benefit—as Pfizer and other drug companies contend—making the switch to superpills could be advantageous for everyone.Pfizer could avoid the loss caused by expiration of Norvasc"s patents by ______.

A．reducing the various risks to heart health
B．switching the patients to the superpills
C．offering greater convenience to patients
D．increasing the sales of Lipitor

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