Cigarettes and mental illness have alw...

单项选择题Cigarettes and mental illness have always tend to go together. An estimated 1.25 billionpeople smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes bum in the fingers of those with mental illness.
Recent American survey showed that.

A. there are 1.25 billion smokers worldwide.
B. 88% of people with psychotic disorders are smokers.
C. about 625 million smokers have mental problems.
D. 2.5 billion people have mental problems worldwid

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1.单项选择题The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
The model recommended by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation would probably cause ______ cancers in 100,000 women screened.

A. 300
B. 450
C. 36
D. 20

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2.单项选择题A municipal management plan for storm-water runoff is mandated by the Clean Water Act. Early this year, Urban Stormwater Management in the United States, a report commissioned by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), recommended a number of ways to manage runoff, including using structural devices, like the kind AbTech produces. Rink is hoping that his merchandise appeals to budget-strapped municipalities. "Compared with building new storm-water treatment plants or upgrading already existing facilities to handle runoff pollution, which would cost in the millions of dollars, our products are very affordable," he says. The federal stimulus bill could make them even more so.
AbTech products are

A. structural devices.
B. the best solution to run off.
C. appealing to budget-strapped municipalities.
D. costly.

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3.单项选择题Lunge cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defects—we are all too familiar with the danger of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite literally, drive you to despair.
The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth :that smoking may women or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression ,perhaps even schizophrenia (精神分裂症)
What is the main idea of the two paragraphs

A. Smoking causes great dangers to the body.
B. Smoking is a good way to soothe anxiety.
C. Smoking probably leads to mental illness.
D. Smoking does not kill smokers.

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4.单项选择题How sleep helps us consolidate memories is still largely a mystery. A recent study from the University of Lǔbeck, in Germany, offers one clue. Subjects were given a list of 46 word pairs to memorize, just before sleep. Then when they reached the deepest stages of sleep, electrical currents were sent through electrodes on their heads to induce very slow brain waves. Such slow waves were induced at random in the brains of one group of subjects, but not another.
The next morning, the slow-wave group had better recall of the words. Other types of memory were not improved, and inducing the slow waves later in the night did not have the same effect. Why and how the slow waves improved memory is not yet understood, but they are thought to alter the strengths of chemical connections, or synapses, between specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. Memories are "stored" in these synapses: changing the strength of the synapses increases the strength of the memories they store.
Slow waves functioned in the subjects’ brains in the experiment when

A. they were given a list of words before sleep.
B. they reached the deepest stages of sleep.
C. they were connected to electrical currents.
D. they were asked to recall the words the next mornin

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5.单项选择题This is not only an American problem, but a global one. The energy demand is driven by population growth especially in developing countries, in places that have emerging middle classes. Their focus is now on growth and on providing lifestyle and energy to their population. It’s not environment. But they’ll have to focus on it and do something about it.
Developing countries focus on all the following EXCEPT

A. economic growth.
B. providing lifestyles to people.
C. providing energy to people.
D. protecting the environment.

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6.单项选择题The first generation of dot-corns burned through cash rapidly because they had to spend a lot of money building and running their businesses—marketing and advertising to get the word out, not to mention software, consultants, and programmers to run online systems and" analyze theresults. Thanks to Web 2.0, many of these costs have plummeted. Many of the basics are nowessentially free, which means a business built on the infrastructure laid down by the first two generations of Web companies can gain scale on a shoestring budget, all while giving away its products and services for free. Call it Web 2.5.
The first generation dot-coms spent a huge sum of money

A. marketing and advertising their products.
B. training their employees.
C. hiring consults and programmers.
D. analyzing the data transmitted onto the we

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7.单项选择题With regular exercise, the body builds up its levels of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and the brain’s nerve cells start to branch out, join together and communicate with each other in new ways. This is. the process that underlies learning: every change in the junctions between brain cells signifies a new fact or skill that’s been picked up and stowed away for future use. BDNF makes that process possible. Brains with more of it have a greater capacity for knowledge. On the other hand, says UCLA neuroscientist Fernando Gámez-Pinilla, a brain that’s low on BDNF shuts itself off to new information,
What will happen if a person has a brain that’s low on BDNF

A. He will be able to learn many new skills.
B. He will forget all the information stored in his brain.
C. He will be able to learn things quickly.
D. He will not pick up new information quickly.

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8.单项选择题The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant pans of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of the society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pities. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
The phrase" sour the pleasure of society" most probably means

A. having a good taste to the pleasure of society.
B. not being content with the pleasure of society.
C. feeling unhappy with the pleasure of society.
D. enjoying the pleasure of society.

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9.单项选择题After a generation of non-fault divorce in America, law-makers in some states are being asked to make it harder to end a marriage when one spouse does not want to call it off. Proposals in several states to make contested divorces harder to obtain are supported by conservative groups seeking to promote their concept of family values. These proposals would go back, in contested divorces cases, the old requirement that one spouse should show the other was "at-fault", such as being unfaithful, abusive, a drug user or someone who deserts the marriage. That would be a big shift from current divorce laws.
No-fault divorce law has been enacted throughout America since California put the first one on the books in 1970. Under such laws, someone can get a divorce on grounds that the marriage has broken down without having to claim wrongdoing by the other spouse. No-fault divorces can be obtained even if one spouse does not agree to dissolve the marriage.
No-fault divorce law first came into practice in

A. a state in the west.
B. a state in the upper mid-west.
C. a state in the east.
D. a state in the nort

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10.单项选择题Unfortunately, the new swine flu virus can be transmitted between humans. It is not clear yet how easily it is transmitted, nor how it is transmitted. Almost surely it is transmitted by sneezing and coughing, and by skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.
How is the swine flu virus transmitted according to the passage

A. It is very easily transmitted from person to person.
B. It is not quite sure how it is transmitted yet.
C. It is surely transmitted by sneezing or coughing.
D. It is surely transmitted by skin-to-skin contact.

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