A condition characterized by the absen...

单项选择题Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society, the institution of government takes over this function. For purposes of analysis, social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individual’s behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform, to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards. Political control is an outgrowth of moral control, and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the government’s authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition, a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to "The Roots of Lawlessness" by historian Henry Steele Commangaer. Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus, individuals violating the rules and regulation of the economic, educational, or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government. A condition characterized by the absence of social organization and social control, and by the belief that political authority is unnecessary is ______.

A．moral control
B．political power
C．anachy
D．authority

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1.单项选择题In England along a stretch of the northeast coast which gently curves from Northumberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea coal was collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was coal, it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up. The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the entire northeast coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it is full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, board shovel to lift the raked coal into the bags, completed the portable hardware. But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle, a special kind of rusty striped- down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A lady’s bike was no good because it lacked a crossbar, and that was an essential element in transporting sea coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a man’s bike, another over the crossbar and, sometimes, even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day, the path to the beach was generally a double snail-track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks. It can be inferred that between the two types of coal, sea coal ______.

A．could burn better
B．might be cheaper
C．was more finely-grained
D．came in big pieces

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