The author believes that creative thin...

单项选择题When we think of creative people, the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e. great artists, inventors and scientists—a select and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregard the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face—the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products. Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then finding a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new comparisons, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventioal ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all, he will be able to communicate freely and will not be too concerned about other people’s reaction to his apparently "crazy" ideas. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft. The author believes that creative thinking ______.

A．is only possessed by great artists
B．requires rare talent and genius
C．is needed in solving many problems
D．belongs to a few lucky people

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1.单项选择题Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child’s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children’s charateristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8. and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained The greater male agression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self- control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. What does the passage mainly convey to the readers

A．Kids of different ages behave differntly facing parental divorce.
B．The impact of divorce on kids varies in personality, age and gender.
C．Boys may become more aggressive than girls in disrupted families.
D．Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their lives.

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2.单项选择题Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society, the institution of government takes over this function. For purposes of analysis, social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individual’s behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform, to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards. Political control is an outgrowth of moral control, and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the government’s authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition, a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to "The Roots of Lawlessness" by historian Henry Steele Commangaer. Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus, individuals violating the rules and regulation of the economic, educational, or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government. Which statement is NOT correct

A．Political control must occasionally be controlled by an outside force.
B．Political control can exist without moral control in a society.
C．Political control reinforce moral control
D．Political control emanates from within.

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3.单项选择题In England along a stretch of the northeast coast which gently curves from Northumberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea coal was collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was coal, it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up. The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the entire northeast coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it is full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, board shovel to lift the raked coal into the bags, completed the portable hardware. But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle, a special kind of rusty striped- down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A lady’s bike was no good because it lacked a crossbar, and that was an essential element in transporting sea coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a man’s bike, another over the crossbar and, sometimes, even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day, the path to the beach was generally a double snail-track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks. By using the bicycle, ______.

A．coal could be moved easily over the sand
B．the collectors could sell more coal
C．excess liquid could be removed
D．the collectors could ride home

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4.单项选择题Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child’s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children’s charateristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8. and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained The greater male agression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self- control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. Why does parental divorce have greater effects on boys than on girls according to the author

A．Because all cultures tolerate male agression and noncompliance.
B．Because boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls.
C．Because males are usually viewed as the models in self-control
D．Because boys are always involved in their parents’ fights.

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5.单项选择题In England along a stretch of the northeast coast which gently curves from Northumberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea coal was collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was coal, it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up. The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the entire northeast coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it is full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, board shovel to lift the raked coal into the bags, completed the portable hardware. But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle, a special kind of rusty striped- down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A lady’s bike was no good because it lacked a crossbar, and that was an essential element in transporting sea coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a man’s bike, another over the crossbar and, sometimes, even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day, the path to the beach was generally a double snail-track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks. To carry three sacks of coal on a bicycle, it was necessary to ______.

A．put one of them on the saddle
B．balance them all on the crossbar
C．remove the excess liquid
D．balance two on the crossbar

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6.单项选择题Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society, the institution of government takes over this function. For purposes of analysis, social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individual’s behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform, to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards. Political control is an outgrowth of moral control, and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the government’s authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition, a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to "The Roots of Lawlessness" by historian Henry Steele Commangaer. Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus, individuals violating the rules and regulation of the economic, educational, or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government. Legitimate power rightfully excercised is called ______.

A．authority
B．charisma
C．legitimacy
D．morality

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7.单项选择题Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child’s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children’s charateristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8. and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained The greater male agression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self- control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. The following statements are true EXCEPT ______.

A．a six-year-old boy may feel being deserted by his parents
B．divorce is usually caused by more than one reason
C．a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boy
D．as the kids grow older, they have a better understanding of divorce

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8.单项选择题In England along a stretch of the northeast coast which gently curves from Northumberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea coal was collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was coal, it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up. The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the entire northeast coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it is full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, board shovel to lift the raked coal into the bags, completed the portable hardware. But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle, a special kind of rusty striped- down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A lady’s bike was no good because it lacked a crossbar, and that was an essential element in transporting sea coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a man’s bike, another over the crossbar and, sometimes, even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day, the path to the beach was generally a double snail-track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks. According to the passage, certain equipment was used because ______.

A．it had proved to be practical
B．it could be made by communities
C．people there were very traditional
D．the communities had curious habits

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9.单项选择题Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society, the institution of government takes over this function. For purposes of analysis, social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individual’s behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform, to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards. Political control is an outgrowth of moral control, and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the government’s authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition, a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to "The Roots of Lawlessness" by historian Henry Steele Commangaer. Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus, individuals violating the rules and regulation of the economic, educational, or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government. The internalized form of social control is ______.

A．commitment
B．power
C．authority
D．government

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10.单项选择题Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child’s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children’s charateristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8. and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained The greater male agression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self- control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. It is hard for temperamental, irritable kids to adapt to parental divorce because ______.

A．they are too much disrupted by the life change
B．the family breakup makes them feel very sensitive
C．the great stress of their families diminishes their ability
D．they encounter more parents’ fights than the easy-going children

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